Essay : The Story of Dan Coggin, the War Correspondent with a difference : Mofidul Hoque
Dan Coggin, the celebrated journalist, has penned stories of other people in the leading magazines, newspapers and wire services of the world during his long career spanning over 40 years and now it is our turn to write the story of his life, or rather the tragic final days of his life. This is not the story of how he lived but how he embraced death while making a journey back to the country whose birth he witnessed and chronicled, and also made his humble contribution in its emergence, the land of the Bengalis, Bangladesh. Dan Coggin was the Foreign Correspondent of the TIME magazine, from 1965 to 1972; those were the days when few weekly magazines dominated the world media and a passing reference in TIME or NEWSWEEK could ensure a person his place in posterity. Those were the days before the emergence of CNN and global reach of television, and Foreign Correspondents were well-known to the readers and respected by the politicians and policy-makers everywhere. Those were the days of Middle-East crisis unfolding itself, Vietnam War gradually escalating to become bloody and Foreign Correspondents Club or FCC was the sought-after place in various cities like Beirut, Saigon, Phnom Penh, Bangkok, Singapore, Jakarta, Hong Kong and Tokyo. Asia was the hotbed of conflict and Dan was stationed in Asia, since 1964, first as Associated Press representative and later from 1965 to 1972 as the Foreign Correspondent of TIME.
It is quite understandable that Dan told many stories and he also had many stories to tell. He was responsible for TIME magazine’s news coverage at various period in nearly 40 countries from North Africa eastward through-out Middle East and Asia. He covered Vietnam War during peak 1966-1968 period, 1970 invasion of Cambodia, Indonesia’s 1965-66 anti-communist bloodbath, various Middle East turmoil, two India-Pakistan conflicts and 1971 birth of Bangladesh. He had numerous important contacts in Presidents and revolutionaries like Sukarno, Nasser, Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Yasser Arafat and others.
Needless to say what interests us most in Dan’s long journalistic career is the 1971 episode. But one can also point out that while covering the 1969 mass upsurge in the then East Pakistan, he interviewed Maulana Bhasani, the firebrand socialist and depicted him as “The Prophet of Violence”. In the report with the same title published on 18 April, 1969 issue of the TIME he wrote: “Wreathed by a wispy beard, his face reflects an almost otherworldly serenity. As he plays with his grandchildren in a tiny village 60 miles north of the East Pakistan capital of Dacca, Abdul Hamid Bhasani, 86, looks the part of a Moslem maulana or guru and to millions of Bengali peasants, he is. But the kindly grandfather is also Pakistan’s most outspoken advocate of violence”. The report had long been forgotten but the title, given by the Foreign Correspondent, endured the test of time. What more can a Foreign Correspondent cherish!
But there were more to come as history unravels itself with the brutal and treacherous attack by the Pakistan Army on civilian population of Bengal in March, 1971 and the subsequent declaration of independence marking the beginning of Muktijuddha, the liberation war. Dan was among the Foreign Correspondents who was in Dhaka all of whom were thrown out of the country by the army on the first available flight to Bangkok. The terror unleashed by Pakistan Army was continuing unabashed outside the purview of all as East Pakistan was successfully cut off from the outside world since there was no one to report and no way to send news outside the country. In these circumstances Dan quickly returned to India and took the risk to cross the open border to be inside the country to collect news about massacre as well as the homegrown resistance. Dan took a great risk and followed the footsteps of Simon Dring of Daily Telegraph in reporting the war unleashed upon the people by the Pakistan Army. Simon was the first journalist to provide eye-witness account of the genocidal atrocities and Dan about the popular resistance. Dan reached Kushtia in the early days of April, when the people’s spontaneous resistance overpowered the Pakistan Army stationed there and made Kushtia a liberated town, waiting for a massive counter-attack by the Army. His report published on the 18 April issue of the international newsmagazine, carried the message of Bengali resistance to the people of the world and was an inspiration to the Bengalis everywhere. This was the first eye-witness account of the reality inside the occupied territory of East Pakistan and showed how the determined people transformed their non-violent struggle for national and democratic rights into an armed resistance of the people. The battle of Kushtia was the first major victory of the Bengali resistance and the ignominious defeat of the Pakistan Army send the signal that all is not going well for the Pakistani rulers. Introducing Dan’s report the magazine wrote: “The army controlled the capital of Dacca, the vital ports of Chittagong and Khulna, and several other towns. But a ragtag resistance movement called Bangladesh Mukti Fauj (Bengal State Liberation Forces) was reportedly already in control of at least one-third of East Pakistan, including many cities and towns. West Pakistani authorities have almost completely succeeded in obscuring the actual details of the fighting from the outside world by expelling all foreign newsmen from East Pakistan. But last week TIME correspondent Dan Coggin managed to cross the border from India into East Pakistan, where he visited the embattled town of Kushtia (Pop. 35,000). After extensive interviews with townspeople and captured West Pakistani troopers, Coggin was able to reconstruct an account of brutality that took place in Kushtia during the first fortnight of the civil war.”
Dan described in detail how 147 men of the Delta Company of 27th Baluch Regiment took control of Kushtia town to be eventually overwhelmed by massive resistance of the peasants and policemen. Only 13 members of the Company survived and the Bengali Militiamen took them as POW to be detained at Kushtia jail. The final words of the report had resonance from the Spanish civil war days where the people’s struggle was ably depicted by the journalist and author Ernest Hemingway.
At the end of his report Dan wrote: “All last week, the green, red and gold flags of Bangladesh fluttered from rooftops, trucks and even rickshaws in Kushtia. Bengali administrators were running the region under local party leader, Dr. Ashabul Huq, 50, a forceful physician who packs a Wellby & Scott revolver and a Spanish Guernica automatic. At week’s end, two army battalions established an outpost a few miles from Kushtia. They were reported, however, to be making little headway against furious resistance. Even if the soldiers managed to reach Kushtia, the townspeople were more than ready to fight again.”
In another time, another April in 1937 Ernest Hemingway in his dispatch from Madrid wrote: “Then there was a great shelling again and we watched for the arrant while the light failed and you could see nothing through the glasses but the plaster-shattered smoke of the houses where the shells were bursting. Government troops were within fifty yards of the houses when it was too dark to see. The outcome of the offensive designed to free Madrid from fascist pressure depends on the results of tonight’s and tomorrow’s action.”
Like Kushtia, Madrid was also waiting for a battle and as a journalist Hemingway stood strongly behind the Republicans in their struggle against the Fascists. The same was true for Dan Coggin and this was eloquently expressed in the brilliant report published in TIME on October 25, 1971 titled ‘East Pakistan: Even the Skies Weep.’ He again entered the occupied territory with the Freedom Fighters and wrote: “Leaving the road behind, I entered a strange world where water is seasonal king and the only transport is a large, cane- covered canoe known as the country boat. For seven hours we plied deeper into Gopalganj sub-division in Southern Faridpur district. The two wiry oarsmen found their way by taking note of such landmarks as a forlornly decaying maharajah’s palace and giant butterfly nets hovering like outsized flamingos on stilt legs at water’s edge.
As darkness approached, we were able to visit two neighbouring villages, with about 25 guerillas living among the local folk in each. The guerillas were mostly men in their 20s, some ex-college students, others former soldiers, militiamen and police.”
Dan was in Dhaka again when Bangladesh became victorious paying a high price. He interviewed Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib after his return to Bangladesh as a free man.
Then in mid-1972 Dan Coggin resigned from TIME, the reason is not known but that also brought to an end his illustrious career as a Foreign Correspondent. Coggin tried to build a different career, launched Beirut-based Middle-East newsmagazine Sketch, which was short-lived as the hostilities in Lebanon forced its closure in 1974. He moved to Jakarta as a correspondent of Far Eastern Economic Review, not a magazine to be compared with the aura and glory of TIME. Finally in 1982 Dan joined ESCAP as Special Advisor on Information and worked under Shah M.S. Kibria, whom he always remembered very fondly. Gradually Dan the reporter got lost into oblivion. After retirement he went back to his home state of California to live a quiet life.
In June, 2011 a young Bangladeshi film graduate Anindo Atik working in New York came across the name of Dan Coggin and his reports in TIME. Anindo hails from Kushtia and was planning to make a documentary film on Kushtia’s resistance. He searched for Dan’s contact and finally could talk to Dan living a secluded life in San Francisco, California. Dan was overjoyed with the enquiries made by a young Bangladeshi about reports he made 40 years ago. As a friend of Liberation War Museum Anindo informed us about Dan and LWM invited him to come to Bangladesh in December, 2011 deliver a lecture during the Victory Day Celebration. That is how we came in contact with Dan Coggin and enthusiastically started to exchange e-mails developing ideas how he can effectively contribute to Bangladesh’s struggle to memorialize the past. He heartily accepted our invitation to be among the people he came so close to in 1971 and humbly stated, “I do hope you can take into account my wishes for no special treatment and as much time as possible to enjoy the company of ordinary people, like me, and all those who helped me tell their story four decades age.” Regarding the theme of his lecture he agreed to our proposal to link the past with present focusing on the trial for the perpetrators of genocide and wrote: “However, I’m hoping for further developments and that Bangladesh will set an example for our planet with the war crimes/genocide trials transforming retribution into repentance and forgiveness in thanks to the Almighty and his son Jesus who died for mankind’s sins on cross in Jerusalem. One of Earth’s poorest countries could thus become a beacon throughout the world.”
Dan arrived in NY from San Francisco to make the journey to Dhaka along with Anindo on 1 December, 2011. Anindo found Dan over-excited and also a bit hyperactive. Dan was greatly moved by the invitation to be in Bangladesh and was playing with all kind of ideas. One of his great idea was to take a letter of peace from Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to the other Prime Ministers of the sub-continent and bring them together to usher in a new era of cooperation and peace in the region. Unfortunately before the day of the trip Dan suddenly got sick and Anindo had to call the ambulance. Dan was admitted to the hospital where he had another stroke and never regained his consciousness. He died a peaceful death in January, 2012 with wife Somporn Coggin and sons and daughter at his side. Anindo, his friend from the new generation of Bangladeshis, was also there. Bangladesh lost its true friend who stood by its people during the difficult period of the liberation war. We would never know what Dan was supposed to say when in Bangladesh, or why he had so much confidence on the peace initiative Bangladesh can make. But we are also getting more and more info regarding Dan’s imprint in our past. Archer K. Blood in his memoirs wrote how Dan carried an important message from Sheikh Mujib to be conveyed to the US representative in February 1971. This shows the confidence Coggin enjoyed in those days of the leader of the Bengali nation Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Archer K. Blood wrote: “Dan Coggin, the Time Life correspondent based in Beirut, came to see me on the morning of February 25. He had an hour’s conversation with Mujib the previous afternoon, during which Mujib asked him to sound me out on U.S. willingness to influence Yahya to accept a Six Points constitution or, failing any agreement on the constitution, to persuade Yahya and the military to accept a constitution of two wings, which I took to mean a confideration of East and West Pakistan under the nominal authority of the President. Coggin said that Mujib had asked him to report back that evening on his conversation with me.”
Recently a journalist from Manikganj came to the LWM with information on Dan’s travel to those areas in 1971. A book on the liberation history of Pirojpur narrates the visit to the killing fields by an American journalist named Mr. Coggin. Morever, the older people of Kushtia were waiting eagerly to receive Dan who had immortalized their struggle for freedom in difficult days.
The full story of Dan Coggin we will never know but the stories of Bangladesh which Dan collected and presented will always remain with us and inspire the next generations to be close with their people and be proud of the country. The legacy of Dan Coggin will always be there like a beacon in the darkness.
Mofidul Hoque : Researcher, Publisher and Essayist
Illustration : Rajat
